Things Fall Apart Christianity vs. Animism - 1871 Words

Christianity vs. Animism A major aspect of one’s society is religion. Without it, the way people hold themselves accountable would be nonexistent. In addition, many moral standards that exist today are values taken directly from religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Currently, there exists a feud between people who believe in a god, and of those who do not. Eventually those who believe in a higher power will fight against each other. In â€Å"Things Fall Apart†, Chinua Achebe brings to light the differences and similarities of Christianity and Animism in order to demonstrate the effects of religion upon one’s society, which is exemplified by Okonkwo and his people. This is noticed in the lives of the Ibo, the missionaries, and†¦show more content†¦Throughout the novel, the egwugwu are mentioned on several occasions. These â€Å"spirits† are really just masked men of the clan, but instead of them being seen as just symbolic figures, they are believed to be ac tual spirits of their past ancestors, â€Å"The egwugwu house was now a pandemonium of quavering voices: Aru oyim de de de dei! Filled the air as the spirits of the ancestors, just emerged from the earth, greeted themselves in their esoteric language† (88). These men or â€Å"spirits† are seen throughout various rituals in the book, but their true effect upon the Ibo is not fully seen until a court proceeding at which the egwugwu decide a man’s punishment for breaking a law (87 – 94). In most, if not all, predominantly Christian countries, the citizens have some sort of judiciary system where he or she is punished for their crimes. The Ibo would not be any different if it were not for the reason that the jurors are believed to be the spirits of dead ancestors but in actuality are just men. This practice allows the select few egwugwu to judge their peers as if they themselves were gods. Not only does the judiciary process differ between the two religions, but as does the judgment of one’s actions that effect their spiritual lives. The Ibo believe that one man’s transgression has the potential to cause punishment towards the entire clan. This fear is observed when Okonkwo beats his wife during the Week of Peace, and he is commanded to make a sacrifice to AniShow MoreRelatedEssay on Christianity vs. Animism in Achebes Things Fall Apart1863 Words   |  8 PagesChristianity vs. Animism in Achebes Things Fall Apart A major aspect of one’s society is religion. Without it, the way people hold themselves accountable would be nonexistent. In addition, many moral standards that exist today are values taken directly from religions such as Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Currently, there exists a feud between people who believe in a god, and of those who do not. Eventually those who believe in a higher power will fight against each other. In â€Å"Things FallRead MoreCulture And Religion : What Is Religion?1758 Words   |  8 Pagesculture in which they assimilate, which sometimes reinforces their religious preference. Most times with minimal proof and fact to substantiate the ideologies and beliefs that are held to be the most correct and realistic. Unfortunately, there is a thing that we call science and although it is a soft science and very similar to theology and understanding of one’s environment and interpretation of reality, the substance in which it is based is tangible thro ugh data and experimentation to substantiate

Leadership Styles And Views On Effective Leadership

One of the root causes of the dysfunction between Keller and Petrou is their differing leadership styles and views on effective leadership. This can be seen through both the first and second performance appraisals. In both meetings, Keller and Petrou quarreled over Petrou’s leadership style and ability, and the dispute ultimately led to revisions in the performance appraisals. Keller’s view on leadership line up best with a contingency and an implicit perspective of leadership. Throughout the case study, Keller emphasizes the effectiveness of being a flexible leader. He points to his strength in this area in several instances in which his flexibility to solve problems made up for Petrou’s errors. He also critiques Petrou’s leadership ability because of a lack of flexibility as the case says, â€Å"†¦what Keller saw as an almost total incapacity to react to problems expeditiously.† Furthermore, given his contingency perspective, Keller feels that this situation requires the leaders to operate in a face-to-face manner. As a result, he believes Petrou’s distant management style is detrimental and it is important for Petrou to lead in a more approachable and informal manner. In many ways, Keller’s views represent an implicit perspective of leadership as well. He has a view of what he wants in a leader and ob sesses over the fact that Petrou is not fitting into this preconceived view. 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Air pollution Causes and Effects

Question: Write an essay about Air pollution - causes effects. Answer: Introduction: Air pollutions are substances which are present in the air and affect the lives of the human beings and also their ecosystem. This doesnt only affect the lives of human beings but also the lives of other living creatures. The pollutant can be of man-made or also of natural origin, and they are classified into categories mainly primary and secondary. The substances which from the parts of primary pollutant are ashes that come out from the volcano eruption and also includes carbon monoxides that come out from the vehicles or the sulfur oxides that are released from the industries or factories. The secondary forms of pollutions are regarded to those pollutions which are directly emitted they are the part of the primary form of air pollutants which are interacted or reacted. As per it can be taken into consideration the only prominent example of the secondary pollutants is ground level ozone (Chen et al., 2013). Body: The major pollutants which are produced by human activities are: Sulfur oxides (SOx)- This chemical components are evolved from the volcanic eruptions and also from industries. Sulfur compounds are often contained in petroleum products and coal. Due to the effect of Sulfur Oxides, acid rain occurs and affect and has the impact on the environment. Nitrogen oxides (NOx)- The affects of nitrogen oxides results in high temperature and also in the occurrences of thunderstorms by the discharge of electricity. Carbon monoxide (CO)- It is a nonirritating gas which is colorless, toxic and odorless. It occurs due to combustion of fuel such as coal, natural gas or wood. It also occurs from vehicles. There are various other causes of air pollution such as: Power plants- The sources of renewable energy such as turbines of the wind and solar panels helps in producing a large amount of power each and every year to produce electricity. As a result in the production of electricity, there is a burning of fuels such as oil, coal and gas which is converted into power plants. Thus, it produces lots of air pollutants such as nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, etc (Zannetti, 2013) Industrial factories and plants- The production of steel, cement, refined petroleum, synthesize, etc. are the most harmful air polluting substances. In many of the factories, there are lots of smoke and dust generation in very short time. Due to his reason, there is a land mark case in Indian history of Bhopal in 1984 December (Chen et al., 2013). Other various causes of air pollution- The majority of the man-made pollutions occurs from traffic, chemical and industrial plant, power plant, etc. in many parts of the world woods and coals are burned in order prepare cooking and heating. This results in pollutions as they generate a lot of smoke and dust (Shah et al., 2013) Effects of air pollution: Health of Human- Air pollution has a massive effect on human health as in some of the estimates it is suggested that 10-20% reason of cancer is due to air pollution. Due to air death of many people are caused due to asthma, bronchitis, lungs diseases, etc. in the factories workers suffers a lot due to dust pollution caused and suffered from illnesses known as silicosis. As stated by the World Health Organization (WHO) the biggest human killer in the world is air pollution. Due to air pollution many kinds of natural calamity also takes place which ultimately results in the loss of human lives such as earthquakes, drought, floods, etc (Lave Seskin, 2013). Agricultural effects- The pesticides, fertilizers, etc. used in the crops for its high-yielding growth for the ever-growing population. Due to air pollution there is an effect in a growth of the plant and also effects the water which results in effect pollution. In another hand, we can say that due to the high increase of carbon dioxide there is an effect of global warming. It also results in climate change, and its major impact is affected in the agriculture of the world. As there is an effect of pollution even the crops are becoming unfit to consume, and indirectly it effects the human life (Unsworth Ormrod, 2013) Other effects- In this kind of situation, we can state that the effect is basically from the fumes that come out from traffic. There are also various effects from other sources such as acetone it is used in remover of nail polish which evaporates very fast and mixes with the environment and causes air pollutions, and also affects the body of the person whose smells it nearby. The effect of glossy paints that are used for painting house and door or windows etc. affects the air, and the smell also affects the human body. Due to air pollution certain kind of natural calamity takes place such as global warming, acid rain, green house affects ozone hole, etc (Klaassen, 2013). Conclusion: Air pollution is a curse to the society and affects the human rights. It is divided into two categories namely the primary and the secondary category. The basic ingredients of air pollution are gasses and smokes that are occurred from nitrogen, carbon-sulfur, etc. the effects of air pollution effects human lives as well an agricultural system. Thus, it can be stated that the increase of air pollution results in a death of many people. Not only has this it also affected the ecosystem of the world for which the world is losing its balance. For the future generation, air pollution is very affective and will harm their daily lives in many ways, so various measures are needed to stop air pollution (Seinfeld Pandis, 2012). Reference list: Chen, Y., Ebenstein, A., Greenstone, M., Li, H. (2013). Evidence on the impact of sustained exposure to air pollution on life expectancy from Chinas Huai River policy. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110(32), 12936-12941. Chen, Z., Wang, J. N., Ma, G. X., Zhang, Y. S. (2013). China tackles the health effects of air pollution. The Lancet, 382(9909), 1959-1960. Klaassen, C. D. (Ed.). (2013). Casarett and Doull's toxicology: the basic science of poisons (Vol. 1236). New York (NY): McGraw-Hill. Lave, L. B., Seskin, E. P. (2013). Air pollution and human health (Vol. 6). Routledge. Seinfeld, J. H., Pandis, S. N. (2012). Atmospheric chemistry and physics: from air pollution to climate change. John Wiley Sons. Shah, A. S., Langrish, J. P., Nair, H., McAllister, D. A., Hunter, A. L., Donaldson, K., ... Mills, N. L. (2013). Global association of air pollution and heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet, 382(9897), 1039-1048. Unsworth, M. H., Ormrod, D. P. (2013). Effects of gaseous air pollution in agriculture and horticulture (No. 32). Butterworth-Heinemann. Zannetti, P. (Ed.). (2013). Air pollution modeling: theories, computational methods and available software. Springer Science Business Media.